Immunology
Immunology is a diverse and growing discipline that can be defined as the study of the tissues, cells and molecules involved in host defence mechanisms. The immune system is the system of specialized cells and organs that protect an organism from outside biological influences using several strategies, of which early activation of defence is one of the most important. The mechanisms used by the immune system to counterattack microbes often rely on the immediate recognition of microbes, or of cells that have been affected by the infection of bacteria and viral infections, for example. The immune system also performs surveillance of tumor cells, and immune suppression has been reported to increase the risk of certain types of cancer. Disorders of the immune system can result in a multitude of diseases. When the immune system is less active than normal, immunodeficiency occurs resulting in recurring and life-threatening infections. In contrast, autoimmunity results from a hyperactive immune system attacking normal tissues as if they were foreign organisms.
The immune system is composed of two major parts: the innate immune system and the adaptive immune system. The innate, or non-specific immune system comprises the cells and mechanisms that defend the host from infection by other organisms in a non-specific manner, and is present in all living organisms and comes into play immediately or within hours of an antigen's appearance in the body. Innate responses use phagocytic cells (neutrophils, monocytes and macrophages) and natural killer cells that use a primitive non-specific recognition system that allows them to bind, internalize and kill a variety of micro-organisms and exogenous molecules. The molecular components of innate reponse include complement, acute-phase proteins and cytokines such as interferons. The adaptive immune system however, effectuates an antigen-specific immune response and confers long-lasting or protective immunity to the host and is only found in vertebrates. This kind of immune response involves antigen-presenting cells (APCs), B and T cells. APCs are a heterogenous population of leukocytes with a immunostimulatory function[1].
[1] C.A. Janeway Jr, P. Travers, M. Walport et al. Immunobiology: The Immune System in Health and Disease. 5th edition.New York. Garland Science, 2001.
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Axon ID | Name | Description | From price | |
---|---|---|---|---|
3755 | (+)-Abscisic acid | LANCL2 ligand | €90.00 | |
2239 | (+)-ZK 216348 | Selective nonsteroidal glucocorticoid receptor (GR) agonist | €125.00 | |
1176 | 1,1,1-Trifluoro-3-(5-fluoro-2-methoxy-phenyl)-3-methyl-butan-2-one | Building block for Glucocorticoid ligand | Inquire | |
2434 | 1-Deazaadenosine | Adenosine deaminase (ADA) inhibitor with cytostatic activity in vitro | €140.00 | |
2175 | 3PO | Inhibitor of HIF-1-induced PFKFB3, an enzyme with a key role in glycolysis. | €65.00 | |
3189 | 4-CPPC | First potent, selective and reversible inhibitor of MIF-2 | €135.00 | |
1261 | 4-Methylhistamine dihydrochloride | H4 agonist | €120.00 | |
3245 | 6-Mercaptopurine | Purine analog; Immunosuppressant | €50.00 | |
3253 | 6-Thioguanine | Purine analog; Immunosuppressant | €40.00 | |
1909 | A 1070722 | Selective inhibitor of GSK-3 | €95.00 | |
1990 | A 943931 | H4 antagonist | €70.00 | |
1179 | A1B1 hydrochloride | CCR1 antagonist | €125.00 | |
3718 | AB-680 ammonium salt | CD73 inhibitor | Inquire | |
3729 | ABBV-CLS-484 hydrochloride | Inhibitor of phosphatase PTPN1/N2 (Protein Tyrosine Phosphatase Non-Receptor Type 1 and 2), | Inquire | |
2880 | ABC294640 | Selective and orally available SphK2 (or SK2) inhibitor | €125.00 | |
1510 | ABT 239 tartrate | H3 antagonist/inverse agonist | €120.00 | |
3048 | ADH-503 | Allosteric agonist of integrin CD11b/CD18 | €120.00 | |
1291 | AEG 3482 | JNK inhibitor | €90.00 | |
4175 | AJ2-30 | First-in-class SLC15A4 inhibitor | €110.00 | |
2062 | Alprostadil | Prostaglandin EP (1-4) receptor antagonist | €125.00 | |
N0002 | Althiomycin | Antibacterial | Inquire | |
1738 | AMD 3100 | CXCR4 antagonist | €90.00 | |
1930 | AMD 3465 hexahydrobromide | Potent and selective CXCR4 antagonist | €85.00 | |
3465 | Amenamevir | Potent helicase-primase inhibitor | €120.00 | |
2863 | AMI-1 | Inhibitor of PRMT | €99.00 | |
3096 | Amiselimod hydrochloride | S1PR modulator | €105.00 | |
1207 | Amthamine dihydrobromide | H2 agonist | €90.00 | |
1369 | Apilimod | Cytokine inhibitor; IL-12 and IL-23 inhibitor | €110.00 | |
2500 | Apilimod dimesylate | Cytokine inhibitor; IL-12 and IL-23 inhibitor | €110.00 | |
1957 | Apremilast | PDE4 inhibitor | €60.00 |