A convenient set of BMP inhibitor LDN 193189 hydrochloride (Axon 1509) and TGF-β inhibitor SB 431542 (Axon 1661) (termed as LSB by their name abbreviation), for neural differentiation of human pluripotent stem cells (hPSCs). Dual SMAD inhibition by LSB cocktail is an highly efficient protocol for neural induction of hPSCs and more than 80% of hPSCs can be rapidly induced into Pax6+ neural precursor cells by using LDN 193189 (0.1 µM) and SB 431542 (10 µM).

LSB protocol can be further extended; with adding CHIR99021 (Axon 1386) to form LSC or LSB/CHIR inhibitor set (Axon 5005) for generating subtype specific neural/neuronal cells; or with combining neuronal 3i (CSD) inhibitor set (Axon 5006) of CHIR99021 (Axon 1386), SU 5402 (Axon 1667) and DAPT (Axon 1484) to form a 5i inhibitor set (Axon 5007, LSB3i), for rapid differentiation of hPSCs into nociceptors.

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