DNA Topoisomerase

DNA Topoisomerase

Topoisomerases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and unknotting of DNA sequences. By introducing transient \'nicks\', these enzymes can relieve the topological pile-up of DNA that is caused by processes such as replication and transcription. DNATopoisomerase I (Topo1; EC. 5.99.1.2) regulates the overwinding or underwinding of DNA in an ATP-independent manner. It binds to single-stranded DNA and cuts the phosphate backbone of the DNA. This intermediate break allows the DNA to be untangled or unwound, and, at the end of these processes, the DNA backbone is resealed again. Since the overall chemical composition and connectivity of the DNA do not change, the tangled and untangled DNAs are chemical isomers, differing only in their global topology.

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More About DNA Topoisomerase

Topoisomerases are a family of enzymes that catalyze the unwinding and unknotting of DNA sequences. By introducing transient 'nicks', these enzymes can relieve the topological pile-up of DNA that is caused by processes such as replication and transcription. DNATopoisomerase I (Topo1; EC. 5.99.1.2) regulates the overwinding or underwinding of DNA in an ATP-independent manner. It binds to single-stranded DNA and cuts the phosphate backbone of the DNA. This intermediate break allows the DNA to be untangled or unwound, and, at the end of these processes, the DNA backbone is resealed again. Since the overall chemical composition and connectivity of the DNA do not change, the tangled and untangled DNAs are chemical isomers, differing only in their global topology[1].

[1] DNA topoisomerases: structure, function, and mechanism. J.J. Champoux. Annu. Rev. Biochem. 2001, 70, 369-413.

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