Rab7 (EC 3.6.5.2) belongs to the superfamily of Ras small GTPases and is a regulator of intracellular endocytic/membrane trafficking. Additionally, it has been indicated that Rab proteins also regulate cell signalling, cell growth, cell survival and development. Rab proteins and their associated regulators or effectors have been implicated in many diseases, such as cancer, pigmentation disorder, neuropathy and lipid metabolism disorders. Rab7, with one of its effectors, RILP (Rab7-interacting lysosomal protein), recruit the dynein-dynactin motor complex to lysosomes facilitating lysosome trafficking along microtubules towards the cell nucleus. Moreover, in addition to its recognized role in vesicle trafficking, Rab7 has recently garnered attention as a regulator of apoptosis in response to growth factor withdrawal and has been proposed to function as a tumor suppressor protein.