The hydrolysis of the primary and secondary ester bonds between long chain fatty acids and the glycerol backbone in triacylglycerols (TAG) is called “lipolysis” and depends on specific hydrolases commonly designated lipases. To date, three enzymes have been implicated in the complete hydrolysis of TAG molecules in cellular lipid stores: adipose triglyceride lipase (ATGL; EC 3.1.1.3) selectively performs the first and rate-limiting step hydrolyzing TAGs to generate diacylglycerols (DAGs) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs). Hormone-sensitive lipase (HSL; EC 3.1.1.79) is a multifunctional enzyme capable of hydrolyzing a variety of acylesters including TAG, DAG, and monoacylglycerol (MAG). Within the TAG hydrolysis cascade this enzyme is rate-limiting for DAG catabolism. Finally, monoglyceride lipase (MGL; EC 3.1.1.23) efficiently cleaves MAG into glycerol and NEFAs.  ATGL deficiency causes cardiomyopathy and premature death in humans and rodents owing to severe TG accumulation in cardiac muscle[1].