Proteins belonging to the NFAT (nuclear factor of activated T cells) family of transcription factors play a central role in inducible gene transcription during the immune response[1]. The NFAT family consists of five members: NFAT1 (also known as NFATp or NFATc2), NFAT2 (also known as NFATc or NFATc1), NFAT3 (also known as NFATc4), NFAT4 (also known as NFATx or NFATc3) and NFAT5. Four of these proteins are regulated by calcium signalling[2]. Despite their name, NFAT proteins are expressed not only in T cells, but also in other classes of immune-system cells[1]. NFAT directs the effector arm of the immune response in the presence of activator protein-1 (AP-1), and T cell anergy/exhaustion in the absence of AP-1[3].