PGC
Peroxisome proliferator–activated receptor-γ coactivator-1 (PGC-1s) are proteins that enhance the transcriptional activity of transcription factors through direct protein-protein interactions. PGC-1α serves as an inducible coregulator in the control of energy homeostasis, and its expression is induced rapidly by physiological conditions known to increase the demand for mitochondrial ATP production such as cold exposure, exercise, and fasting. It has been shown to regulate adaptive thermogenesis, mitochondrial biogenesis, glucose and fatty acid metabolism, the peripheral circadian clock, fiber-type switching in skeletal muscle, and heart development.[1][2][3]
[1] L.N. Zhang et al. Novel small-molecule PGC-1α transcriptional regulator with beneficial effects on diabetic db/db mice. Diabetes. 2013, 62, 1297-1307.
[2] P. Puigserver et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-gamma coactivator 1 alpha (PGC-1 alpha): transcriptional coactivator and metabolic regulator. Endocr. Rev. 2003, 24, 78-90.
[3] B.N. Finck et al. Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor gamma coactivator-1 (PGC-1) regulatory cascade in cardiac physiology and disease. Circulation. 2007, 115, 2540-2548.