Signaling Pathways
A basic property of living systems is the ability to respond to extracellular signals by evoking an internal response. Signal-transduction cascades mediate the sensing and processing of these stimuli. These molecular circuits detect, amplify, and integrate diverse external signals to generate responses such as changes in enzyme activity, gene expression, phenotypic alterations, or ion-channel activity. Signal-transduction pathways follow a broadly similar course that can be viewed as a molecular circuit. Upon an environmental signal, Membrane receptors transfer information from the environment to the cell's interior. Subsequently, second messengers relay information from the receptor-ligand complex into the cell's interior. Particularly important second messengers include cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, calcium ion, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, (IP3), and diacylglycerol. While these second messengers are free to move, they can easily diffuse to other compartments of the cell, such as the nucleus, where they can influence gene expression and other processes. Interestingly, signal transduction may be amplified significantly in the generation of second messengers, since initial stimulation may lead to the generation of many second messengers within the cell. Thus, a low concentration of signal in the environment, even as little as a single molecule, can yield a large intracellular signal and response. Besides this phenomenon, cross-talk between two or more signaling cascades may occur, which permits more finely tuned regulation of cell activity than would the action of individual independent pathways[1]
[1] Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism. Biochemistry. 5th edition. J.M. Berg, J.L.Tymoczko, L. Stryer.New York, 2002.
Axon ID | Name | Description | From price | |
---|---|---|---|---|
2786 | (±)-PH 797804 | Inhibitor of p38α MAPK | €115.00 | |
1291 | AEG 3482 | JNK inhibitor | €90.00 | |
3682 | AMZ30 | Potent, selective and covalent PME-1 inhibitor | €130.00 | |
2179 | ASK1 Inhibitor 10 | Potent, selective, and orally bioavailable ASK1 inhibitor | €130.00 | |
1516 | AZD6244 | MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor | €60.00 | |
1999 | AZD8330 | MEK 1 inhibitor | €105.00 | |
2002 | Bentamapimod | JNK inhibitor, which inhibited JNK1, JNK2 and JNK3 | €70.00 | |
3697 | Binimetinib | Potent, selective, non-ATP-competitive and orally available allosteric inhibitor of MEK1/2 | €60.00 | |
1358 | BIRB 796 | MAPK inhibitor (p38 specific) | €65.00 | |
1809 | BIX 02189 | MEK5 inhibitor; ERK5 inhibitor | €110.00 | |
3346 | BIX02188 | Potent MEK5 inhibitor | €110.00 | |
1808 | BIX02188-Me | MEK5 inhibitor; ERK5 inhibitor | €110.00 | |
2856 | BMS 582949 | Inhibitor of p38α MAPK | €155.00 | |
2025 | CC-401 | ATP-competitive JNK inhibitor | €120.00 | |
2634 | CC-930 | Potent, selective, and orally active anti-fibrotic JNK inhibitor | €95.00 | |
1694 | FR 180204 | ERK inhibitor; AP-1 inhibitor | €95.00 | |
4148 | GDC-0973 | Orally bioavailable, potent and selective small-molecule inhibitor of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 | Inquire | |
3741 | GDC-0994 | ERK1/2 inhibitor | Inquire | |
3625 | GNE-3511 | Potent, selective, orally bioavailable and brain-penetrant DLK inhibitor | €90.00 | |
1761 | GSK 1120212 | MEK1 and MEK2 inhibitor | €70.00 | |
3895 | GSK329 | Highly potent and selective TNNI3K inhibitor | €130.00 | |
3059 | GW 284543 hydrochloride | Selective MEK5 inhibitor | €95.00 | |
4195 | HRX215 | First-in-class, potent, selective and orally active MKK4 inhibitor | €180.00 | |
2949 | JNK inhibitor VIII | Selective, ATP-competitive, and cell-permeable JNK inhibitor | €105.00 | |
2361 | JNK-IN-8 | Remarkably potent and selective covalent inhibitor of JNK | €95.00 | |
1895 | LY 2228820 | Inhibitor of p38 MAPK | €105.00 | |
3893 | LY-3214996 | Orally bioavailable, potent and highly selective inhibitor of ERK1 and ERK2 | Inquire | |
3620 | MAPK13 inhibitor compound 61 | MAPK13 inhibitor (p38δ specific) | €140.00 | |
3197 | Mitochonic acid 5 | Mitochondrial drug; Activator of MAPK-ERK-yap signalling | €90.00 | |
3440 | MK2 inhibitor III | Potent and selective MK-2 inhibitor | €120.00 |