Signaling Pathways
A basic property of living systems is the ability to respond to extracellular signals by evoking an internal response. Signal-transduction cascades mediate the sensing and processing of these stimuli. These molecular circuits detect, amplify, and integrate diverse external signals to generate responses such as changes in enzyme activity, gene expression, phenotypic alterations, or ion-channel activity. Signal-transduction pathways follow a broadly similar course that can be viewed as a molecular circuit. Upon an environmental signal, Membrane receptors transfer information from the environment to the cell's interior. Subsequently, second messengers relay information from the receptor-ligand complex into the cell's interior. Particularly important second messengers include cyclic AMP and cyclic GMP, calcium ion, inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate, (IP3), and diacylglycerol. While these second messengers are free to move, they can easily diffuse to other compartments of the cell, such as the nucleus, where they can influence gene expression and other processes. Interestingly, signal transduction may be amplified significantly in the generation of second messengers, since initial stimulation may lead to the generation of many second messengers within the cell. Thus, a low concentration of signal in the environment, even as little as a single molecule, can yield a large intracellular signal and response. Besides this phenomenon, cross-talk between two or more signaling cascades may occur, which permits more finely tuned regulation of cell activity than would the action of individual independent pathways[1]
[1] Signal-Transduction Pathways: An Introduction to Information Metabolism. Biochemistry. 5th edition. J.M. Berg, J.L.Tymoczko, L. Stryer.New York, 2002.
Axon ID | Name | Description | From price | |
---|---|---|---|---|
1909 | A 1070722 | Selective inhibitor of GSK-3 | €95.00 | |
1857 | AP 24534 | BCR-ABL kinase inhibitor (including T315I mutation) | €80.00 | |
2167 | AR-A 014418 | ATP-competitive GSK-3 inhibitor | €85.00 | |
3041 | ARN 3236 | Potent, selective, ATP-competitive, and orally available inhibitor of SIK2 | €95.00 | |
2187 | AS 1892802 | Potent, selective, ATP-competitive ROCK inhibitor | €95.00 | |
2005 | ASP 3026 | Inhibitor of the oncogenic fusion kinase EML4-ALK | €80.00 | |
2166 | AT 13148 dihydrochloride | ATP-competitive inhibitor of multi-AGC kinases | €85.00 | |
5051 | Axon Ligands™ Cell signaling and Oncology compound library | Axon Ligands™ Cell signaling and Oncology compound library | Inquire | |
5053 | Axon Ligands™ Stem cell compound library | Axon Ligands™ Stem cell compound library | Inquire | |
2171 | AZD 1080 | Selective inhibitor of GSK-3α and GSK-3β | €110.00 | |
2795 | AZD 1208 | Pim kinase inhibitor | €70.00 | |
2194 | AZD 2858 hydrochloride | Potent and highly selective Glycogen Synthase Kinase-3β inhibitor | €95.00 | |
2981 | B106 | Potent and selective PKC-δ inhibitor | €135.00 | |
1544 | BIBW 2992 | EGFR and ErbB-2/HER2 tyrosine kinase inhibitor | €50.00 | |
1693 | BIO | GSK-3 inhibitor | €95.00 |