Diabetes & Metabolism

Diabetes mellitus and hypertension are two of the most common diseases in Westernized, industrialized civilizations, and the frequency of both diseases increases with increasing age. Diabetes mellitus is characterized by elevated blood glucose levels (hyperglycemia) resulting from defects in insulin secretion, insulin action or both, and associated with a considerably increased cardiovascular risk, peripheral vascular diseases, stroke, retinopathy, and nephropathy. Two types of diabetes mellitus are recognized based on the presumed etiology. In type 1 diabetes, the body fails to produce insulin as a result of an auto-immune reaction that destroys the islet cells in the pancreas that produce insulin, and daily insulin injections are required. Type 1 diabetes is usually diagnosed during childhood or early adolescence and it affects about 1 in every 600 children. Type 2 diabetes is the result of failure to produce sufficient insulin and insulin resistance. Elevated blood glucose levels are managed with reduced food intake, increased physical activity, and eventually oral medications or insulin. Type 2 diabetes is typically diagnosed during adulthood. However with the increasing incidence of childhood obesity and concurrent insulin resistance, the number of children diagnosed with type 2 diabetes has also increased worldwide.
The hallmark of hypertension in type I and type II diabetics appears to be increased peripheral vascular resistance. Increased exchangeable sodium may also play a role in the pathogenesis of blood pressure in diabetics. Evidence is accumulating that insulin resistance, or hyperinsulinemia, may play a key role in the pathogenesis of hypertension in both subtle and overt abnormalities of carbohydrate metabolism. Population studies suggest that elevated insulin levels, which often occurs in type II diabetes mellitus, is an independent risk factor for cardiovascular disease. Other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic individuals include abnormalities of lipid metabolism, platelet function, and clotting factors.

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Axon ID Name Description From price
3435 (S)-VU0637120 First-in-class, selective neuropeptide Y4 receptor allosteric antagonist €120.00
1510 ABT 239 tartrate H3 antagonist/inverse agonist €120.00
2388 Adomeglivant Potent, selective, orally administered, and competitive human glucagon receptor (GR) antagonist €95.00
1218 AM 251 CB1 antagonist €95.00
1219 AM 281 CB1 antagonist €95.00
2791 AM 4113 CB1 antagonist €105.00
1209 Clobenpropit dihydrobromide H3 antagonist €90.00
2147 CpdD hydrochloride Ghrelin receptor (GhrR aka GHSR-1a) antagonist €135.00
3097 DBPR211 Potent and selective peripherally restricted CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist €125.00
3057 DC260126 GPR40 receptor antagonist (FFA1) €65.00
2012 EMPA Orexin type 2 (OX2) receptor antagonist €135.00
2847 ESI-08 Selective EPAC antagonist €140.00
3403 Fezolinetant Orally bioavailable NK3 antagonist €140.00
2686 FH535 Dual inhibitor of PPAR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling €75.00
2706 FH535 sodium salt Dual inhibitor of PPAR and Wnt/β-catenin signaling €80.00
1132 GLP-1 antagonist GLP-1 Receptor Antagonist €150.00
2262 GW 9662 Selective PPARγ antagonist €60.00
3326 HJC0197 Potent EPAC antagonist €90.00
2730 HJC0350 Highly potent and selective EPAC2 antagonist €95.00
1328 Iodophenpropit dihydrobromide H3 antagonist €130.00
3102 Losartan Non-peptide, potent and orally active angiotensin II receptor antagonist €60.00
1679 MDL 201012 Muscarinic M3 antagonist €110.00
1550 MK 0364 CB1 antagonist/inverse agonist €95.00
2870 ML 221 Apelin receptor (APJ) antagonist €95.00
4125 ML193 Highly potent and selective GPR55 antagonist €90.00
2609 NCRW0005-F05 GPR139 antagonist; useful tool to study GPR139 pharmacology €130.00
2499 Netupitant Selective NK1 antagonist; Prevents chemotherapy-induced nausea and vomiting €140.00
3105 Olmesartan Potent and selective AT1 antagonist €80.00
1458 PF 3654746 H3 antagonist €100.00
1565 PSNCBAM 1 CB1 antagonist (allosteric) €85.00

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