The TRPV4 channel displays multimodal activation by warm temperature and chemical and physical stimuli. In sensory neurons and/or skin keratinocytes, the TRPV4 acts as a nociceptor or a pluriceptor. From the aspect of anesthesiology or pain, the TRPV4 is an important drug target for cure of hyperalgesic inflammatory responses, thermal hyperalgesia, or mechanical hyperalgesia. In addition to the unique nociceptor or pluriceptor functions of TRPV4, TRPV4 is an important regulator of brain activity. Mutations of TRPV4 relate to many severe diseases such as scapuloperoneal spinal muscular atrophy, Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease type 2C, and skeletal dysplasias. Especially, most TRPV4 mutations cause peripheral neuropathy. These results strongly indicate that TRPV4 is also an important molecular target for cure of neuropathy.[1]