Cell-permeable HIF prolyl hydroxylase (PHD) inhibitor that enhances HIF-1α and -2α, vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF), and platelet-endothelial cell adhesion molecule 1 expression in vitro. Moreover, DMOG combined with butyrate synergistically improved osteoblast differentiation and pro-​angiogenic responses. DMOG is also known to delay neuronal cell death caused by trophic factor deprivation, and to ameliorate vasorelaxation after cold ischemia and hypochlorite-induced warm reperfusion injury.